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(No Model.) A 7 Sheets-Sheet l..

C. KELLOGG.

MAGHINBPOR ROLLING SEAMLESS TUBING.

No. 397,724. Patented Peb'. 12, 1889 l MWTT'IVIIIIIEIIEITWNUIIIIHIIIIIIIILIHHU im' (No Model.) rfz sheets-sheet 2'. C. KELLOGG.

MACHINE POR RULLING SEAMLESS TUBING.

Patented Feb. 124, 1889.

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o. KBLLoGfGI MACHINE POR ROLLING SBAMLBSS TUBING.

No. 397,724.l PatentedI'eb. 12, 1889.

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SS TUBING.

ented Feb. 12, 1889.

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Patented Feb. 12, 1889.

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(NorModel.) 7 Sheets-SheetJ 6.

G. KELLGGG. MACHINE IOR NOLLINI"I SEAMLNSS TUBING.

' No. 397,724. Patented Peb. I2, 1889.

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C. KELLOGG. Y MAGNINFJ POR NOLLINQ SBAMLESS TUBING. N0. 397,724.Patented Feb. 12,1889.

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AH: nITLEy'- UNrrnn STATES- PATENT Ormes,

CHARLES KELLOGG, OF BUFFALO, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO THE KELLOGG SEAMLESSTUBE AND MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF BOSTON, MASSA- C H U SETTS MACHINEFOR ROLLING SEAMLESS TUBING.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 397,724, dated February12, 1889.

Application filed December 24,1887. Serial No. 258,864. (Nomodel.)

To all whom t may concern.'

Be it known that l, CHARLns KELLOGG, a citizen of the United States, anda resident of the city of Buffalo, county of Erie, and State of NewYork, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Machines forRolling Seamless Tubing, Columns, &c., froml-Iollow Ingots, of which thefollowing is a specilieaf tion.

In Letters Patent Nos. 278,340 and 325,938 of the United States, grantedto me May 29, 1883, and September 8, 1885, respectively,l have shown anddescribed machines for this purpose in which a pair of horizontal and apair of vertical rolls are combined with a stationary mandrel, thearticle to be rolled being passed between the two pairs of rolls andover the mandrel. These machines, while advantageous in rolling someforms of pipe and. other tubular articles, have been found defective inrolling others, principally because of the fact that, as the articlebeing rolled has to be passed back and forth several times between therolls and over the mandrel to make the necessary reduction and producethe iinished article, considerable time is consumed in the operation,and as a result thereof the heated metal cools to such an extent as torender the rolling difficult in some cases, especially when the articleis thin, and the finished product cannot in consequence be manufacturedas cheaply as might be desired.

I have discovered that heated hollow ingots can be converted by rollinginto seamless tubes, columns, and similar articles much more cheaplythan by the method above described, by means of an organized machinecomposed of aser-ies of pairs of positivelydriven rolls and a tapered orconical mandrel extending through an d between the entire series ofrolls, and held stationary in that position, whereby aheated hollowingot can be reduced and elongated into a tubular article of the desiredshape, size, and thickness of walls by a single pass through the rollsand over the conical or tapered mandrel. Furthermore, l have discoveredthat such articles can be manufactured much more rapidly by making thet-a `pered or conical mandrel immovable and arranging in connection withsuch mandrel supports or holders therefor, which permit of the heatedingot being passed over and onto the supported end of the mandrelwithout changing the relation of the mandrel to the rolls, whereby anumber ot' ingots can be fed one after the other to the rolls, and everystage of the rolling operation canl be carried on simultaneously andcontinuously in the same machine.

The object of my invention is, lirsi, to pro` duce seamless tubes,columns, and other similar articles from hollow ingots by means of anorganized machine consisting of a series of pairs of suitably-shapedrolls and of a tapered or conical mandrel `placed through and betweenthe rolls and held stationary therein; second, to progressively roll andreduce a series of heated ingots into tubes or other hollow articles linthe same machine, so that the several stages of the operation, from theplacing of the ingot in position to be fed to the rolls, the progressiverolling` and reducing of an ingot, and the delivery from between therolls and off the mandrel of a completed tube, can be carried onsimultaneously; third, in the product-ion of tubes, ttc., from heatediugots by means of an organized machine to prevent an uneven reductionof the walls of the tube; fourth, to support a tapered or conicalmandrel between a series of pairs of rolls, so that a heated ingot canbe placed in position for rolling without changing the position. of themandrel; fifth, to provide means for operating independently the gripsby which the mandrel is supported, and sixth, to provide means forcooling the mandrel without eX- posing the heated ingot to the coolingagent. These several objects are attained by means of devices ormechanism an d the arrangement thereof in an organized machine, whichwill now be described.

Figure l is an elevation of a machine embodying my invention, showingthe end thereof .whence the article being rolled is delivered, with someof the' parts illustrated in section; Fig. 2, a plan view of suchmachine with some of the parts omitted and others shown in section; Fig.3, a detail plan of the devices employed to support and hold themandrel, the latter being illustrated partly in full and partly inbroken lines; Fig. 4, an end elevation of such devices, the cylinder andpiston for operating the gripper being shown in section; Figs. 5 and 6,detail views of the IOO gears for operating the rolls, Fig. 5 showingthe train employed in connection with the horizontal series, and Fig. 6the train employed in connection with the vertical series 5 Fig. 7, ahorizontal section taken through t-he upper portion. of one of thegrippers longitudinally of the mandrel and of a piece of tubing thereon,showing means for supplying water to the interior of the mandrel, andalso the effect of the several pairs of rolls upon the articleundergoing the rolling operation. Fig.

8, diagrams illustrating the various forms in cross-section given to thearticle by the several pairs of rolls as it passes through themachine.Fig. 9 is an enlarged detail view of grip D closed, and Fig. l0 asimilar view of grip D' open. Fig. ll is a plan of the grips andbrackets with kthe mandrel in position and held by one of the grips, theiirst two pairs of the series of rolls also being shown with the taperedportion of the mandrel between the rolls. Fig. 12 represents a sectionalside elevation of the organized machine, showing the mandrel inposition, and representing the operation of placing the ingot in themandrel and feeding it to the rolls.

In all the figures like letters designate corresponding' parts.

A indicates the housing, which is or may be of any ordinary or preferredconstruction, and B B the rolls journaled therein, the same beingarranged in pairs and so disposed as to bring them into alternaterelation with the roll B placed in horizontal and the rolls B i placedin vertical positions. These rolls are each provided in its peripheralsurface with a circumferential groove, I), which is of such shape incross-section that when brought into relation with its companion orfellow roll the grooves in the two will together be of the form of thearticle to be rolled, and4 in order to cause the rolls of each pair torevolve positively together and in unison I connect their ends by meansof gears h b2. 'lhe rolls are movable laterally for the purpose ofplacing the grooves in proper' relation to the mandrel,

and also with a view to their adjustment toward and from the mandrel,for the purpose of varying the .reduction ot' the article being rolled.To this end I lind it' convenient to mount their journals in movablebearings c c, which are arranged to slide in suitable guideways, (l d,formed in or upon'the housings A, and to effect the adjustment of suchbearings by means of ad justing-screws e e, in the usual manner.

In the drawings I have not thought it necessary to illustrate themovable bearings for more than the upper journals of the vertical rolls;but it is to be understood that the bearings of the upper rolls of thehorizontal series adjacent'I to the gears b', and in some instances allof the bearings for both the horizontal and vertical series, are mademovable Vand adjustable in like manner to those specified. l

C is the mandrel, which is preferably, but

not necessarily, hollow, so that water can be circulated through it forcooling by means hereinafter described. The sides of the part of themandrel that project between the rolls, and against which the tube isrolled and reduced, are'tapered, and thereby the-mandrel is given aconical form. The larger end corresponding to the base of the cone 'doesnot exceed the internal diameter of the ingot that is to be convertedinto a tube, while the opposite end is of less diameter than theinternal diameter of the finished tube made from the ingot.

By reference to Fig. 7 it willbe seen that the peripheries of thegrooves of the several pairs of rolls bear such a relation to themandrel that a line drawn so as to connect the successive peripherieswould be parallel to the adjacent tapering or inclined side of themandrel. Thus the rolling and reduction of the ingot takes place betweentwo inclined planes-one (the conical mandrel) being stationary andcontinuous, and the other, formed by the grooves in the rolls, beingmovable and not continuous. metal while passing through the machine isprevented from binding on the mandrel, and at the same time a perfectsupport for the walls of the tube at the several points where thereduction takes place is afforded. As the tubular ingot is reduced indiameter at the pass of each pair of rolls, and it also contracts fromloss of heat, it 'follows that if the mandrel should be of the sainediameter as the internal diameter of the ingot at a point beyond thepass of one or more pairs of rolls the slightest contraction would causethe ingot to shrink against the mandrel, and, as.

the process consists in passing the ingot over the mandrel lengthwise,by such shrinkage it would become practically immovable, especially asthe same effect would necessarily be produced at every pair of rollsbetween which the ingot passed. 'lo prevent such a result is the objectI have in View in using a tapering or conical mandrel in connection withrolls placed at right angles to the axis of said mandrel. By thisconstruction the mandrel is of less diameter than the ingot at everypoint ol' its length, except immediately at the biic of each pair ofrolls, where the reduction takes place,so that when the ingot undergoingreduction passes the lbite of one pair of rolls the reduction in thediameter is suliicient to compensate for the contraction from lossofheat. rlhusno binding of the ingot to the mandrel can take place, andthe rolling and reduction can be performed with less power and morerapidity and safety, owing to the absence of resistance by the mandrel,and the liability of buckling the ingot between the rolls is entirelyavoided.

In order to resist the strain put upon the mandrel and grippers duringthe rolling, I provide the brackets or standards H H ,which are arrangedin close relation to the grippers IOO IIO

IIS

D D',respectively, and upon the side of them toward which the strain isapplied, so that as the ingot or other article is being carried throughthe machine the grippers will be dra-wn against such brackets orstandards, and the strain put upon the 4mandrel by it will therebyberesisted. These brackets or standards may be constructed in any approvedl'orm that will insure the necessary strength, and are each providedwith an aperture, n, through its upper end for the reception ot' themandrel, which is of a diameter somewhatlarger than' the ingot or otherarticle to be rolled, in order to permit of its being' passedtherethrough. In the drawings I have shown these brackets or standardsas provided with a hub, p, against which the grippers abut when strainis put upon the mandrel 5 but these are not deemed essential, and may beomitted, it" so desired.

r'lhe mandrel above described may be constructed either solid or hollow,as may be desired. IVhen the latter construction is employed, I Iind itad visa-ble to provide means for cooling the same, and for this purposeI make use of devices for insuring` the circulation of water therein.Various combinations an d arrangements of parts may be adopted for theaccomplishment of this result. I prefer, however, to avail myselt` ofthe devices illustrated in liig. 7, as being the most efficient audconvenient for this duty. In this construction a lIiexible or othersuitable pipe or tube, q, extending from the main or other water-supply,communicates with a cylindrical recess, q', located in the inner face ofone of the jaws of the grippers D'. Adjacent. to this recess, in themandrel C, is formed a correspondugly-shaped orifice, q2, with which,when the gripper is grasping the mandrel, suoli recess registers, andwithin this orifice is secured the short tube or chamber g3, havingprojecting laterally from its inner end and extending` into the mandrelto a point near its forward extremity the pipe q'. Oppostte to the orieeq2, and preferably in rear of the same, is formed, through the side ofthe mandrel, a second orifice, qs, in which is also secured a short tubeor chamber, Q6, the outer end of which registers with acorrespondingly-shaped recess, qi, located in the other jaw of thegripper, which in turn communicates with a suitable tube or pipe, qs. Bythese means water admitted to the pipe or tube q will pass through thesame and through the recess q', thence through the tube o1' chamber qi',thence through the pipe g", and be discharged within the mandrel at apoint near its inner end. The water thus conveyed to the interior of themandrel will, ai'tcr having' been discharged, `fiow back along thc sameto the tube or chamber q, whence it will pass through such tube, thencethrough the recess ql, and thence through the pipe or tube qs, andthereby be conveyed-away from the machine. The de- Vices for conductingthe water to and away from the mandrel being thus carried by the jaws ofone of the grippers, will move toward faceof the mandrel the heatedingot may, in'

the operations of the machines, be passed on over one end of the sameand the finished product off oveithe otherwithout interfering with suchwater-circulating devices.

In order to prevent the discharge of theA water carried. by thecirculating devices upon the ingot when the same is being passed on overthe mandrel, and when the gripper D is open, I provide the recess q',the tube or chamber g3, and the orifice g5 with suitable check-valves,0'1"/1'2, respecthely, which are so arranged as to be automaticallyclosed when the gripper is open, and thereby to out off the flow ofwater from both the inductionpipe q and :from the interior of themandrel. The closing of the valve r is effected by the action of thewater in passing over it; butin the case of the valves r' f/"f2 a lightcoiled spring, s, acting against each of said valves is required. Toeffect the opening' of these valves and the proper How of water when theingot has been passed on over the end of the -mandrel andthe gripperbeing closed, the

valves 'r lr' are each `j u'ovided on its under or outer side with astem, t, which is of such length that when the jaws of the gripper areclosing upon the mandrel the stems of the valve will strike together,forcing such valves back away from their seats, and thereby opening themto the iow et water, which, having iilled the interior of themandrel,wi1l force back against its spring s the valve fr and pass outthrough the same.

The mechanism for rotating the several pairs of horizontal and verticalrolls is shown in Figs. l, 2, 5, and 6, the same consisting of thetrains of gearsI I'. the., and K K', &e., mounted upon the shafts L L',&c., and M M', dsc., respectively, which are carried in suitablebearings in the respective housings N and O. These gears, instead ofbeing of a diam-` eter to rotate all the rolls at the same surface velocity,are so proportioned as to drive them at progressive pair which rec i i sthe ingots to the pair which discharges the finished product, the amountof increase in the velocity ot' each succeeding' pair being' sufficientto not only cause them to feed forward in a given time the same lengthot the ingot as the preceding pair, but also the additional length ol'the saine occasioned bythe reduction therein iu passing' between them. i

The proportion olf the various gears comprising the two trains is bestshown iu Figs. 5 and l5, in which l@ andM indicate the shafts foroperating the first pai r of horizontal and vertical rolls, B and B',respectively, and LG v-increasing velocities from the IOO and M3 theshafts for operating th'e last pairs thereof, these several shafts beingconnected alternately by means of the sleeves or couplings P P to theupper roll of one pair and to the under roll of the next pair of thehorizontal series, and to the left-hand roll of one pair and totheright-hand roll of the next pair of the vertical series, and so onthroughout each series.

As thus constructed, the operation of the machine is as follows: Theingot having been properly heated, the gripper D is opened and the ingotpassed on over the rear end of the mandrel and through the bracket orstandard H. The gripper D is then closed and the gripper D opened andthe ingot carried forward through the bracket or standard H and into thebite of the lirst pair of vertical rolls. The gripper Dl is then closed,the machine started by applying power to .any one of the horizontal andvertical shafts, and the ingot will be carried through between theseveral pairs of rolls and delivered by the last pair thereof as afinished pipe or other article.

In Fig. 8 I have shown the ingot and various forms given to it by theseveral pairs of rolls as it passes through the machine. At l0 isillustrated the ingot as it enters the machine, at ll as it appearsafter passing the first pair of rolls, at l2 after passing the secondpair of rolls, and so on to 16, where the iinished pipe is portrayed asit leaves the machine, the several pairs of rolls as it passes betweenthem serving to reduce not only the thickness of its walls, but also thediameter of its bore.

lVhile I have in the foregoing disclosed the best means contemplated byme for carrying my invention into practice, Iwish it distinctlyunderstood that I do not limit myself strictly thereto, as it is obviousthat the same maybe modified in various ways without departing from thespirit thereof-as, for instance, instead of employing eight pairs ofrolls, as shown herein, I may make use of a greater or less number ofpairs, and instead of so disposing t-he rolls as to bring them intohori- Yzontal and vertical series I may arrange them in such a manner asto bring the axes of both series in planes oblique to the horizon, itbeing only essential that the axes of the two series be placed in planeswhich are substantially at right angles to each other.

Having thus described my invention and one way in which it is or maybecarriedinto effect, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by LettersPatent of the United States, 1s

l'. In an organized machine for rolling seamless tubes and similararticles, the combination, with a series of pairs of rolls arranged forprogressively rolling an ingot into a tube or similar article, of thestationary tapering or conical mandrel projected between said rolls, andsuitable supports for said mandrel, Substantially as speciied.

2. In an organized machine for rolling seamless tubes and similararticles, the combination, with the grooved rolls of said machine, ofthe tapering or conical mandrel projected between said rolls andcentered in the grooves thereof, and suitable supports for the saidmandrel, substantially as specified.

3. The combination, with a series of pairs of positively-driven rollsprovided with suitable grooves and arranged for progressively rolling aningot into a tube or similar article, of a tapering or conical mandrelprojected between and centered in grooves in the said r.lls, andsuitable grips or holders that grasp the mandrel at' several points andare susceptible of being separately released from the mandrel to permitan ingot to be passed ontothe mandrel and thence to and through therolls without removing the mandrel from the machine, substantially asspecified.

4. The combination, with a mandrel of a rolling-machine, of grippers forgrasping and supporting the same, a cylinder and piston for operatingeach of said grippers, suitable pipes and valves for conducting theoperating agent to and away from said cylinder and controlling itsmovements, and brackets or standards for operating in connection wit-hsaid grippers, substantially as described.

5. A gripper for grasping the end of the mandrel of a rolling-machine,consisting of two levers pivoted together near their middles andprovided in their upper ends with .recesses of the same shape as themandrel, combined with a steam-cylinder, a piston fitted to operatetherein, suitable pipes and regulating devices for controlling the ow ofsteam or other actuating agent to and from said cylinder, and connectingdevices between the lower ends of the levers composing the gripper andthe piston, substantially as described.

G. The combination, with ahollow mandrel and a gripper for grasping thesame, of de: vices carried by said gripper for conducting water to andaway from the mandrel when said mandrel is grasped by the gripper, andmechanism for cutting off the supply of water and' preventing the escapeof the same from said supply or from the interior of the mandrelwheli'the gripper is released from the mandrel, substantially asdescribed. 7. The gripper D, consisting of the two le vers f f, pivotedtogether near their centers and provided in their upper ends withrecesses t' t and q cf, combined with their hollow mandrel C, providedwith the orifices q2 g5, tubes qi Q6, pipes q Q4 g8, the valves r r, r2,springs s, and means for opening and closing the grippers, substantiallyas described.

In testimony whereof I have hereun to set my hand this 23d day ofDecember, 1887.

CHARLES KELLOGG.

IVitnesses:

LoUIs SPADER, JAMES B. LARKIN.

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